Electron microscopy of immune disruption of leptospires: action of complement and lysozyme.

Effect of dietary supplement of Spirulina platensis on immune indices complement and lysozyme of benny fish Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi (Günther, 1874)

Effects of different levels of spirulina dietary supplementation on some immune parameters of Benny Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi fingerlings were investigated in an 8 weeks experimental period. Dried and powdered spirulina algae in five levels of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 % was added to the experimental diet .Experimental fish were fed to satiation twice daily. Results indicated that the amount of...

Effects of endocrine disruption by 4-nonylphenol ethoxylate on the grwoth preformance and immune responses of female and male immature Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio)

Nonylphenol (NP) is an endocrine disrupting chemical which has been shown to be able to modulate endocrine system of various organisms by different mechanisms. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential effects of  4-NP and 17-β-estradiol (E2) on immune parameters (IgM level and lysozyme activity) of   Koi carp (Cyprinus the carpio carpio)  in an attempt to expand the knowledg...

Detection of rotavirus by Latex Agglutination Test (Rotales); Comparison with Electron Microscopy and Complement Fixation Test

The effects of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) ethanolic extract on non-specific immune system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

In the present study, the effect of the intraperitoneal injection of Carthamus tinctorius extract on non-specific immune system and some serological of Oncorhynchus mykiss has been investigated. To this end, the fish with average weight of 100±10 gr were intraperitoneally injected by different levels of safflower extract. In this regard, a negative control group (no injection), a positive contr...

Epidermal mucus, a major determinant in fish health: a review

Fish epidermal mucus contains innate immune components, secreted by globlet cells that provide the primary defence against different pathogenic microbes and act as a barrier between fish and its immediate niche. The major function of mucus includes entrapment and sloughing of microbes. The mucus also contains many factors such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), lysozymes, lectins, proteases, etc...